Entangled States Based on Two Coherent States 3π/2 out of Phase

Entangled states based on two coherent states 3π/2 out of phase with each other, i.e. ｜α〉 and e^iФ｜-iα〉, as well as on a special state with a relative phase Ф = ｜α｜^2, are constructed. By analysing the amount of entanglement it is evident that entangled states based on this special state can be used as an excellent resource for quantum teleportation. It is also revealed that these entangled states possess some nonclassical features.     

Some algorithms for hemiequilibrium problems

In this paper, we suggest and analyze a class of iterative methods for solving hemiequilibrium problems using the auxiliary principle technique. We prove that the convergence of these new methods either requires partially relaxed strongly monotonicity or pseudomonotonicity, which is a weaker condition than monotonicity. Results obtained in this paper include several new and known results as special cases.     

Modified Householder iterative method free from second derivatives for nonlinear equations

In this paper, we suggest and analyze a new two-step predictor–corrector type iterative method free from second derivatives for solving nonlinear equations of the type f(x)=0. This new method includes the two-step Newton method as a special case. We prove that the new iterative method is of fourth-order. Several examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of this new method and its comparison with other iterative methods. This method can be considered as a significant improvement of the Newton method and its variant forms.     

Closed solution to electromagnetic scattering of a plane wave by an eccentric cylinder coated with metamaterials

Closed series solution of electromagnetic scattering by an eccentric coated cylinder is achieved in matrix form. Diffracted field patterns are examined for an incident plane transverse magnetic (TM) wave. The solution is found by the classical separation of variables technique and the translational addition theorems. Wave transformation and orthogonality of the complex exponentials are employed to produce an infinite series. Numerical results are then shown by shortening the infinite series to a limited number of terms. Solutions are discussed for a dielectric or a metamaterial coating.     

Large signal performance of micromachined silicon inductive microphones

A mathematical model for the open-circuit output voltage of a micromachined silicon inductive microphone is presented. The model, basically a sine-series function, can easily yield closed-form expressions for the amplitudes of the output components resulting from a multisinusoidal input acoustic pressure. The special case of an equal-amplitude two-tone acoustic pressure input is considered in detail. The results show that, the microphone generates both even and odd-order harmonic and intermodulation products.     

Empirical model for the current-voltage characteristic of resonant-tunneling devices

An empirical model is presented for the current-voltage characteristics of resonanttunneling (RT) devices. By using this model an analytical study of millimeter-band electronic circuits employing RT devices can be performed.     

A Complete Classification of Curvature Collineations of Cylindrically Symmetric Static Metrics

Curvature collineations are symmetry directions for the Riemann tensor, as isometries are for the metric tensor and Ricci collineations are for the Ricci tensor. Complete listings of many metrics possessing some minimal symmetry have been given for a number of symmetry groups for the latter two symmetries. It is shown that a claimed complete listing of cylindrically symmetric static metrics by their curvature collineations [1] was actually incomplete and is completed here. It turns out that in this complete list, unlike the previous claim, there are curvature collineations that are distinct from the set of isometries and of Ricci collineations. The physical interpretation of some of the metrics obtained is given.     

Reaction kinetics and pathway of hydrothermal decomposition of aspartic acid

The kinetics and pathway of hydrothermal decomposition of aspartic acid were studied using a continuous‐flow tubular reactor. The reaction was carried out in the temperature range of 200–260°C and at a pressure of 20 MPa. Deamination was the primary reaction, indicated by the presence of significant amount of ammonia, fumaric acid, or maleic acid in the products. Other reaction products were pyruvic acid, malic acid, and traces of succinic and lactic acid. Traces of alanine were also detected, showing the possibility of decomposing high‐molecular weight amino acids to obtain simple amino acids such as glycine or alanine. Results on the effect of reaction parameters demonstrated that decomposition of aspartic acid is highly temperature dependent under hydrothermal conditions. For a slight temperature difference of 60°C (from 200 to 260°C), the first‐order reaction rate constants of 0.003 significantly increased to 0.231 s^?1. The activation energy was 144 kJ/mol, as calculated by the Arrhenius equation. No significant effect was exhibited by other reaction parameters such as pH and pressure. The results are useful in controlling the hydrolysis of proteinaceous materials toward high yield of aspartic acid under hydrothermal conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 39: 175–180, 2007     

Harmonic and intermodulation generation in quantum-well diodes

A Fourier-series model describing the current-voltage characteristic of a quantum-well diode (QWD) is presented. Using this model, closed-form expressions are obtained for the harmonic and intermodulation performance of a QWD excited by a multisinusoidal voltage superimposed on a dc voltage.     

Organic–inorganic nanocomposites prepared from fluoro-aramid and silica

Fluoro-aramid-based sol/gel-derived nanocomposites were synthesized by condensing a mixture of 4,4′-(hexafluoro-isopropylidene)dianiline and 1,3-phenylenediamine with terephthaloylchloride (TPC) in dimethylacetamide. TPC was added in slight excess to produce amide chains with carbonyl chloride end groups and then replaced with alkoxy groups using aminophenyltrimethoxysilane to develop bonding with the silica network. Mechanical, dynamic mechanical thermal, water absorption and morphological measurements were carried out on the thin hybrid films. Increase in the tensile strength and modulus was observed as compared to pristine polyamide. The thermal decomposition temperature was found in the range of 400–500 °C. The water absorption was found to be reduced with higher silica content. The glass transition temperature and the storage moduli increased with increasing silica concentration. The maximum increase in the T _g value (345 °C) was observed with 20 wt% silica. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the uniform distribution of silica in the matrix with an average particle size ranging from 8 to 50 nm.